Binance seeks to shore up confidence after $9b heist
Binance, the world’s biggest cryptocurrency exchange, is working to shore up public confidence after a record $US6.3 billion ($A9 billion) hack of its platform, promising it will cover all losses from company funds and allow clients to trade again within days.
Cryptocurrency prices fell on news of the hack, which analysts blamed on North Korea and said could be the largest financial heist of all time. The publicly traded stocks of crypto-related firms Coinbase, Strategy and Robinhood slid.
Binance said customer funds were safe and it was working with industry partners to freeze some of the affected assets, with about $US3 billion located so far.

It did not mention the status of the remaining $US3.3 billion, but Binance co-CEO Yi He said in a post on X that $US3 billion represented only about 2 per cent of the company’s total user assets and public reserves.
The exchange also said on Friday its technical team was targeting a resumption of withdrawal services within approximately 34 hours.
Binance said it was conducting a full security review and plans an initial proof-of-reserves snapshot in 12 hours, with the results expected to be available by Monday.
It said it had set aside around $US6.34 billion of company funds internally to cover the losses.
The company has a $US1 billion Bitcoin reserve fund designed to protect customer assets in the event of security breaches, according to its website.
Binance founder Changpeng Zhao said on X the company owned SpaceX shares worth more than $US1 billion ($A1.4 billion).

Binance’s other co-CEO, Richard Teng, said in a post on X that the breach was a “complex attack” that was not carried out by one person and included a compromised laptop as well as malicious software designed to delete evidence of its activity as it went along, “making it more difficult for us to trace and investigate”.
The hackers were able to manipulate a system used to approve transactions to move money out of a Binance-controlled, internet-connected so-called “hot” wallet in a way that did not pass through normal approval controls, Teng said.
“Rest assured that we are working nonstop to resolve this, to make the users whole, and live up to your trust,” Teng wrote.
Crypto prices fell broadly but losses were contained.
Bitcoin hit a six-week low of $US76,368 ($A108,594), and ether fell more than 3 per cent to a two-month low of $US2,178 before markets stabilised.
“This incident is almost certainly the single-largest-known theft of any kind,” British blockchain analysts Elliptic said.

The bulk of the Binance heist unfolded in around 20 minutes beginning late on Thursday and bore similarities to previous large attacks blamed on North Korea, according to US blockchain analysis firms TRM Labs and Chainalysis.
TRM said the attackers were able to order Binance wallets to empty into hacker-controlled wallets, mirroring a 2025 heist at crypto exchange Bybit, which the FBI attributed to North Korea.
North Korea has for years used state-linked cyber units for espionage, financial theft and revenue, according to US and South Korean authorities as well as cybersecurity experts.
US President Donald Trump, asked on Friday whether North Korean hackers were behind the theft, said he did not know but his administration is looking into it.
“It was a hack. That’s the problem. You know the old-fashioned way when you used to sign a cheque, take it out. These are different. People never see the money anymore. So I’ve always felt it was a little bit dangerous,” Trump said.
“But no, they (Binance) say they have it pretty much under control.”
Binance is working with the FBI and the US Secret Service, according to a person familiar with the situation.
Binance, which allows users to buy, sell and trade digital assets, has 335 million registered users globally and had about $US162.8 billion in assets under custody as of its 2025 annual report.
‘Serious harm’: all eyes on Australia over toxic spray
While helping their dad tend watermelon, capsicum and tomato crops, Greg Smith and his two older brothers often ended up drenched in weed killer.
There were no worries in the 1960s about the widely used herbicide paraquat – no talk of exposure risks and no thought of wearing protective gear.
Over the ensuing decades, Mr Smith’s father fell ill and died suddenly, his middle brother succumbed to Motor Neurone Disease and the eldest is undergoing cancer treatment.
The 73-year-old cattle farmer has himself survived two types of cancer and was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 2022.

He believes the family’s fate was sealed by poisoning from paraquat and other farm chemicals while working on their property in Queensland.
“In the ’60s, no one had boom sprays; they went along with a little old pump … and dad would walk along behind, spraying the bushes each side,” Mr Smith tells AAP.
“We were constantly in the spray.”
Mr Smith is one of many scrutinising the federal government’s decision to allow the continued use of paraquat despite bans in more than 70 countries.
The highly toxic chemical, which destroys plant tissue upon contact, has long been associated with Parkinson’s disease.
Questions remain about the legitimacy of the authority’s decision, with a Senate inquiry in the works and independent politicians and health campaigners continuing to sound the alarm about the risks.

The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority ruled in June that paraquat could be used with reduced application rates and closed-valve packaging to prevent physical contact.
There is a two-year grace period for products with previously approved warning labels and a phase-out on use across certain crops including sugar cane.
The authority ruled there was no convincing evidence of a “direct causal association between paraquat exposure from approved pesticidal uses and Parkinson’s disease”.
But the decision has baffled Australian and international neurological experts, who criticise the authority’s review methods, particularly the omission of a landmark 2011 study.
That study and subsequent research found paraquat exposure is associated with 2.5 times the odds of developing Parkinson’s or 4.5 times for those who do not wear protective clothing.
Meanwhile, grain and sugar cane growers say the new restrictions limit their use of a chemical that reliably kills weeds, helps establish crops and supports no-till practices.
Paraquat also remains an important tool for cleaning up pastures, particularly as many weeds become herbicide-resistant.

Independent Senator David Pocock has been a vocal critic of the ongoing use of paraquat in Australia and established the Senate inquiry into the authority’s decision.
After his motion for the closed-door inquiry to hold public hearings was defeated, he instead grilled the authority’s executives at a budget estimates hearing on Tuesday night.
The agency’s review included studies funded by major manufacturer Syngenta and considered research examining the effects of poisoning after only 30 days, Senator Pocock said.
“Parkinson’s has a latency of years to decades,” he said.
Chief executive Scott Hansen defended the review in a sometimes tense 30-minute exchange, saying the authority considered potential biases from both industry and health sector researchers.
“It’s weighted evidence of all of the studies that are produced,” Mr Hansen said.
Mr Hansen said while paraquat was banned in 27 countries across the European Union, it was the result of perceived deficiencies in regulatory frameworks rather than health concerns.

However, US neurologist Michael S Okun’s review of the authority’s final report finds it risks overlooking significant scientific evidence about Parkinson’s links.
Decades of research show repeated associations between paraquat and the disease, Dr Okun says, and important questions about chronic exposure remain unanswered.
“In medicine, we do not wait for every uncertainty to disappear before acting to prevent serious harm,” Dr Okun, from the University of Florida Health, writes to the inquiry.
“We weigh the evidence, acknowledge what remains unknown and make decisions that recognise the consequences of being wrong.
“Australia has an opportunity to apply that same seriousness to the neurological risks associated with paraquat.”
Grain growers Kirk and Lisa Jeitz, who run a 2800-hectare farm near Esperance in WA, say they go to great lengths to protect workers and the environment from harm.
That includes using tractor cabs with carbon filters, extensive weather monitoring to avoid spray drift and strict buffer zones around waterways, native vegetation and neighbouring properties.

The imposition of lower paraquat application rates will affect weed control, soil quality and carbon sequestration due to increased cultivation, they say.
“We ask the committee to recognise the controls farmers already use … and to make sure any changes are based on evidence, clearly explained and phased-in with practical help,” the farmers write.
A submission from Parkinson’s Australia says the burden of proof should lie with manufacturers to demonstrate paraquat is unlikely to cause harm.
“Until such evidence exists … Australia should immediately prohibit the use of paraquat to protect agricultural workers, regional communities and future generations,” the document says.
Syngenta has long maintained there is no established link between paraquat and the disease.
The authority’s restrictions informed the manufacturer’s decision to remove paraquat products from Australia, sparking uncertainty in the ag sector about long-term availability.
The company has previously criticised media reports focused on “emotional” stories of people with Parkinson’s.

Mr Smith is tolerating Parkinson’s treatment well but is troubled with short-term memory problems and a tendency to trip over.
He can still ride a horse long after his neurologist told him he would have to give it up.
Sitting on his son’s farm, watching his baby grandson, Mr Smith hopes for a fairer system.
“(Some farmers) want to be able to spray as much of this stuff as they want so they can kill weeds easier,” he says.
“What about the community, society or greater good for people overall?”
Inquiry submissions close on November 18.
Cancelled Trump campaign rallies ‘are back on’
US President Donald Trump has restored cancelled campaign rallies in the states of Iowa and Kansas days before the midterm elections, a White House official says.
“Rallies are BACK ON! President Trump loves his supporters, and in addition to nearly 20 tele-rallies, he will hold back-to-back rallies in Kansas and Iowa on Sunday,” the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
The reversal comes after Trump told reporters on Thursday he did not “feel like I have to go to Kansas,” where Republican Senator Roger Marshall faces an unexpectedly competitive race against Democrat Adam Hamilton.
“He is doing very well. We are going to have a strong Tuesday night,” Trump said at the time.
The White House official said the rallies had been rearranged to accommodate the tele-rallies recently added to Trump’s schedule ahead of the elections on Tuesday.
On Friday, the Republican president will campaign in Florida, hoping to galvanise his supporters in a state he won handily in 2024 but where early voting has tilted toward Democrats.
It will be his latest stop in a state Republicans usually expect to win, following campaign events earlier this week in Mississippi and South Carolina.
Abdul El-Sayed, the Democratic Senate candidate in Michigan who is in a tight race against Republican Mike Rogers, had said on Thursday night – after news emerged that the rallies would be cancelled – that the president’s goal of trying to gin up Republican voters had backfired and he had “given up”.
“He’s an old man, he’s a loser,” El-Sayed said.
“He now understands that he has fully lost the midterms for his party.”
Across the United States, more than 43 million people had already voted early in person or returned mail ballots by Friday – nearly 10 million more than in 2022.
In US states that provide information on voters’ party affiliation, about 6.8 million Democrats and 5.2 million Republicans have cast ballots early.
Those figures do not account for all early voters country-wide or indicate which candidates received their votes.
with AP
Pope Leo votes by mail in US midterm elections
Pope Leo XIV has cast his vote in the US midterm elections as the first pontiff in the history of the Catholic Church from the United States.
The 71-year-old voted from more than 7500km away, casting his ballot by post in advance, the Vatican confirmed on Friday.
It remains unclear for whom the US-born Pope voted ahead of the elections on Tuesday.
Leo, born Robert Francis Prevost, was born in Chicago in the state of Illinois.
According to US media reports, he applied for a Chicago postal vote in early October.
Media reports indicated Prevost voted in the US general elections of 2012, 2014, 2018 and 2024 as well as in the Republican primaries of 2012, 2014 and 2016 and in the Democratic primaries of 2008 and 2010.
Through his time as a bishop in Peru, he also holds Peruvian citizenship.
He is also head of state of the Vatican.
The Catholic papal state in the middle of Rome, with fewer than 1000 residents and an area of not even half a square kilometre, is the smallest country in the world.
A Vatican spokesman said the Pope had always exercised his right to vote as a US citizen whenever he was entitled to, already during his many years as a missionary and bishop in Peru, and so also now.
An official statement added: “The Holy Father expresses his belief in the right and the duty of citizens to participate in democratic processes.”
In Tuesday’s congressional elections, all seats in the House of Representatives and about one third of the Senate will be contested.
US President Donald Trump’s Republicans are seeking to defend their narrow majorities in both chambers against a strong challenge from the Democrats.
The Pope’s vote comes in a year in which his differences with Trump regarding issues such as immigration policies and the war with Iran have been evident.
Leo has openly criticised the military offensive initiated by the US and Israel against Iran in February while Trump has gone so far as to say that the Pope puts “many Catholics and many people in danger” because he believes that it is “fine for Iran to have a nuclear weapon”.
with EFE and AP
Trump cancels weekend rallies days out from election
Donald Trump has cancelled weekend rallies in an abrupt shift during the final days of the midterm election campaign, opting instead to support Republican candidates by phone.
The US President was scheduled to hold a rally in Kansas on Saturday and in Iowa on Sunday.
But the Republican National Committee announced on Thursday night he would spend a “72-hour sprint” doing tele-rallies rather than in-person events, saying it would maximise his ability to speak to voters nationwide.
The committee said tele-rallies were planned for nearly 20 states and more may be announced.

The 80-year-old had pledged to push through the final days of the campaign doing rally after rally to galvanise his supporters.
As of Thursday, he had done 25 during October, falling short of a goal he had once placed north of 30.
There were signs the travel and long speeches have caught up with him.
On Monday in Mississippi, Trump told a crowd in a raspy voice: “God didn’t make your vocal cords to do a rally every day”.
He bristled on Thursday when a reporter asked whether he had cancelled plans to travel to Kansas because of his health.
“You’ve been following me for two weeks. I feel perfect,” Trump snapped.

The president said he was not travelling to Kansas, where Republican Senator Roger Marshall faces Democrat Adam Hamilton, “because he’s doing very well”.
“I don’t feel I have to go to Kansas,” Trump said.
The billionaire, who revels in big crowds, this month held rallies in smaller venues than many he once filled.
The decision to switch to tele-rallies means he will be expected to speak for about 10 minutes instead of more than 90, as he does at in-person events.
Trump plans to travel to Florida for a rally on Friday. It’s not clear whether he will hold additional in-person events after that.
The White House has not published his schedule for Monday, the final day of the campaign.
Democrats took notice.

Abdul El-Sayed, the Democratic Senate candidate in Michigan who’s in a tight race against Republican Mike Rogers, said Trump had “given up”.
“He’s an old man, he’s a loser,” El-Sayed continued.
“He now understands that he has fully lost the midterms for his party.”
After travelling to South Carolina on Thursday for the second time in a month – a sign of Republican anxiety about Darline Graham’s ability to fend off a robust challenge from Democrat Annie Andrews for a critical US Senate seat – the president said: “We’re going to have a strong Tuesday night”.
Meanwhile, the US Justice Department filed a revised lawsuit seeking to block certification of Alaska’s election results if Republican incumbent Dan Sullivan loses narrowly.
It comes after The New York Times reported Democratic Senate candidate Mary Peltola’s campaign appeared to be involved in recruiting another candidate with the same name as Sullivan in a bid to siphon his votes.

Peltola denied knowing anything about it.
“I am not interested in tricking voters,” she said at the top of a speech in a bar in Juneau, Alaska’s capital.
Alaska is one of about 10 highly competitive races that will decide control of the Senate, where Republicans hold a 53-47 majority.
Democrats need a net gain of four seats – and a post-election dispute in Alaska could leave control of the chamber unclear for weeks.
Trump called the development in Alaska a “conspiracy” and called for Peltola to be removed from the ballot.
With Reuters
North Korea blamed for ‘biggest ever’ crypto theft
North Korean hackers are being blamed by analysts for what could be the biggest cryptocurrency heist ever.
Binance, the world’s largest crypto exchange, said a security breach had resulted in an estimated $US6.3 billion ($A9 billion) impact and it had worked with partners to freeze the affected assets.
About $US3 billion ($A4.3 billion) had been located so far, it said, giving no update on the status of the remaining $US3.3 billion ($A4.7 billion) as Binance co-founder Yi He said the company would cover “all hacking losses”.
US blockchain analysis firm TRM Labs said the attacker did most of the raid in about 20 minutes.
“TRM attributes the attack to TraderTraitor, North Korea’s elite hacking unit, based on robust on and off-chain intelligence,” TRM said in a blog post.
“We make this judgment with high confidence.”
In a statement, Binance said it was conducting security checks, its teams were “working around the clock” to resolve the issue and withdrawals would resume once the problem was fully resolved.
Binance co-founder Changpeng Zhao, who no longer runs the company, said in a social media post the incident “looked like a hack.”

The exchange also temporarily suspended trading on its Binance Alpha platform as a precaution.
“Our security teams are reviewing all relevant information with urgency, and we will provide updates through official Binance channels as soon as we have verified information,” it said.
Stablecoin providers Tether and Circle each said they responded to the incident by freezing funds – more than $US1.5 billion ($A2.1 billion) and more than $US800 million ($A1.1 billion), respectively.
According to analytics firm Chainalysis and other industry experts, it may be the world’s biggest crypto heist.
The security breach was likely to have wider ramifications for crypto, which had already been under pressure lately due to higher US interest rates and softer demand from exchange-traded fund buyers, analysts said.
“It may further dampen risk appetite and prompt investors to reassess the safety of assets held on centralised exchanges, as well as counterparty, solvency and liquidity risks,” HashKey Group senior researcher Tim Sun said.
Zhao pleaded guilty in 2023 to a felony related to his failure to prevent money laundering on the Binance platform and stepped down as chief executive.
US President Donald Trump pardoned him in 2025.
with Reuters
Aussie shares finish the week higher as banks improve
Australia’s share market has stumbled at the finish line but has closed the week higher as a rebound in recently neglected bank stocks continues.
The S&P/ASX200 is up 1.28 per cent for the week after rising 16.3 points on Friday, or 0.18 per cent, to 8908.1, while the broader All Ordinaries gained 12.8 points, or 0.14 per cent, to 9025.4.
Non-energy miners also improved despite falling in the last two sessions, snapping an eight-week losing streak caused by soaring oil prices, high bond yields and jitters around artificial intelligence and the global data centre build-out.
Investors increasingly found refuge in financials stocks, which have notched a more than eight per cent advance over three straight weeks of gains.
The Australian dollar is buying 70.40 US cents, down from 70.47 US cents on Thursday at 5pm.
‘Not going to defect’: Hanson downplays staffing issue
Pauline Hanson has denied suggestions one of her MPs is likely to defect from One Nation after an offer of extra staffing by the federal government.
The offer of a much-prized extra staffer to Farrer MP David Farley came on Monday but was rejected.
The One Nation leader branded the move as a bribe designed to divide the party and buy Mr Farley’s favour.

All politicians are allowed at least five taxpayer-funded staff, but only the prime minister can green-light additional hires.
The offer fuelled speculation Mr Farley would consider defecting from One Nation, but Senator Hanson said the claims were exaggerated.
“He’s not going to defect, he’s made it quite clear,” she told reporters in Perth on Friday.
“I had a discussion with him yesterday over this, he brought it to my attention about the offer, about the extra staffing.
“He’s a One Nation member and he’s doing a great job for his electorate … that’s been blown completely out of proportion.”

Elected in May, Mr Farley has been painted potentially susceptible to being poached by Labor after it was revealed he tried to stand as a candidate for the party in 2021.
The offer of an extra hire allegedly came with a sweetener in the form of proposed sustainability grants for the Murray Darling Basin, where the One Nation MP’s electorate of Farrer is, a statement from the party released on Thursday read.
Labor frontbenchers on Friday said it was routine for politicians with large rural electorates to be granted more help.
Senator Hanson has been clamouring for more hires on par with the Greens, even teaming up with stark political opposite Senator Fatima Payman in September to introduce a bill stripping the prime minister’s power to grant staff.

Greens leader David Shoebridge expressed support for revamping how staffers are allocated.
“We can all see how staffing when it’s in the hands of only one political player – in the hands of the prime minister – it doesn’t have the transparency,” he told reporters in Canberra.
“There needs to be a better way to allocate parliamentary staff than simply from the whim of the prime minister and I find it strange that that’s somehow controversial.”
But the Greens voted against a Senate inquiry into the bill of senators Hanson and Payman on October 15, just days after Mr Albanese granted the party 15 extra hires.
“We had a translation of the staffing that was allocated to Larissa Waters – it was translated over to the leadership office under mine and Steph Hodgson-May’s team,” Senator Shoebridge said.

Senator Hanson also called for the process of how staff are assigned to be overhauled.
“It should not be in the hands of the prime minister to decide who gets staffing in the offices,” she said.
“It’s not proportionate to the representation numbers of parliament.”
Senator Payman stunned a Senate estimates inquiry on Monday by accusing Mr Albanese of ignoring her years-old plea for extra helping hands over lingering bitterness at her defecting from Labor in 2024.
She made a request almost two years previously and received no formal response, while newer MPs and the Greens were swiftly accommodated, she said.
Gas bosses turn up heat with ‘market failure’ warnings
Grim forebodings of market failure have rung out as gas producers make a last-ditch attempt to prevent their sector being overhauled.
Labor’s gas reservation scheme will force companies to set aside the equivalent of up to 20 per cent of their exports for Australian consumers, and came a step closer to becoming law after passing the federal lower house on Thursday.
Producers’ heart rates have quickened over the plan’s promise to oversupply the domestic gas market by 10 per cent, which they have labelled a dangerous extravagance.

“Combining a target of 110 per cent of demand with a requirement to sell, regardless of whether there is a market to do so … is likely to result in market failure,” Shell executive David Guiver told a Senate inquiry on Friday.
“More production and lower production costs are essential … a well-designed reservation scheme will support those outcomes rather than weakening the market signals needed to deliver them.”
Labor has already watered down their policy at the gas industry’s urging, changing the 20 per cent obligation from a minimum to a maximum.
Producers can now undershoot the target with the government’s say-so, and companies’ existing deals with overseas buyers won’t be affected.

The 10 per cent oversupply provision is also flexible, with Shell nominating between two and five per cent as more reasonable figures.
Companies should be shielded from penalties if they missed their supply target but “made reasonable endeavours to comply and behaved and conducted themselves in good faith”, its executive Cam Crowther said, calling the 10 per cent oversupply provision “a dangerous step”.
The bosses were also peppered with questions on the much talked-about proposal to slap a 25 per cent tax on gas exports.
The Greens have bristled at the reservation scheme over concerns it was meant to distract from shortcomings of the petroleum resource rent tax, the main way Australia taxes profits from extracting and selling gas.
The government faced an upswell of public pressure to impose an export tax in the run-up to May’s federal budget, but has ruled it out partly over concerns it would damage relationships with Australia’s fuel suppliers.
A revelation the government collected less from the tax than from the beer excise was a high-point of the viral campaign, spearheaded by independent senator David Pocock.

Emperor Energy boss Tim Handley said the supply obligation was effectively its own tax.
“You will be requiring exporters to sell gas at call it $12 instead of selling at export prices of $25 or $30,” he said.
“That is a tax.”
The coalition has hitched its tentative support to the reservation scheme, which may allow it to blow through the Senate, but has raised scruples over Western Australia’s potential inclusion in the plan.
WA has had its own reservation policy for 20 years, but with a more generous 15 per cent supply obligation over the whole life of gas projects within the state, rather than 20 per cent annually.
Burnout warning as AI rolled out for public servants
Artificial intelligence could intensify burnout among public servants by stripping away administrative tasks that provide a break from complex stressful work, an inquiry has been told.
A federal inquiry into AI is examining the impact of the technology on government departments.
Rebecca Fawcett, the new leader of the Community and Public Service Union, fronted the inquiry on Friday alongside union delegate Ikini Frape.
The union officials struck a cautionary tone when delivering their opening remarks before the committee, warning that AI adoption in the public sector must include workers being consulted.

Ms Frape, referencing an MIT study from the US, said that AI use could erode critical thinking skills, the ability to problem solve issues, and the potential increases in dementia risk.
“Sometimes those administrative tasks are really essential for giving the brain a break when you’re doing very complex work,” she said.
Concerns of AI being used to automate decisions within the public service were also raised, following the fallout of the robodebt scandal.
Ms Fawcett has warned of governments misinterpreting increased capacity through AI augmentation as budget savings.
“Public servants, with their deep understanding of government systems, service delivery, and the needs of people who rely on them, must have a genuine role in shaping how AI is designed, introduced, and used,” she said.
Ms Frape aired a number of concerns about data security and sovereignty, bias, the impact on workers’ wellbeing, and the risks of cultural and intellectual First Nations knowledge being used without consent and in ways that could damage livelihoods while perpetuating colonisation.

Speaking to automated decision making, Ms Frape said public trust was broken after the robodebt scandal and staff were apprehensive of such technology.
The robodebt scandal was an unlawful scheme that falsely accused welfare recipients of owing the government money based off automated tax office data.
“If AI is used to make decisions, will staff and customers be able to understand how those decisions were made, and how it will be reviewed to ensure accuracy?” Ms Frape told the inquiry.
“If there is a mistake, who is responsible? And how can customers seek to have the decision corrected? What steps can staff take to speak up when the system is wrong, as they tried to do during robodebt?”
This was echoed by Ms Fawcett, who said a 400-member strong town hall meeting in recent months saw 98 per cent of attendees voting in favour of pausing the use of automated decision-making in complex decisions, until a “clear and mandatory” framework was implemented by the government.

The union’s submission to the inquiry highlighted recent UK government analysis that estimated billions of dollars in savings through automating public service delivery without considering if existing AI models were capable of delivering.
Uncertainty on return on investment – another concern of the union – was raised by Treasury officials, who told the inquiry no formal calculation had been done of the net national benefit of investing in AI infrastructure due to inherent uncertainties of the rapidly evolving technology.
Jeremy Lawson, the department’s first assistant secretary, argued that while a specific net figure would be “too rubbery” to base decision-making on alone, the long-term economic upside remained substantial.
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