US President Donald Trump has signed letters to 12 countries outlining the various tariff levels they will face on goods they export to the United States, with the “take it or leave it” offers to be sent out on Monday.

Trump, speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One as he travelled to New Jersey, declined to name the countries involved, saying that would be made public on Monday.

Trump had earlier on Thursday told reporters that he expected a first batch of letters to go out on Friday, a national holiday in the United States, though the date had shifted.

In a global trade war that has upended financial markets and set off a scramble among policymakers to guard their economies, Trump in April announced a 10 per cent base tariff rate and additional amounts for most countries, some ranging as high as 50 per cent.

However, all but the 10 per cent base rate were subsequently suspended for 90 days to allow more time for negotiations to secure deals.

That period ends on July 9, although Trump early on Friday said the tariffs could be even higher – ranging up to 70 per cent – with most set to go into effect August 1.

“I signed some letters and they’ll go out on Monday, probably 12,” Trump said, when asked about his plans on the tariff front. 

“Different amounts of money, different amounts of tariffs.”

Trump and his top aides initially said they would launch negotiations with scores of countries on tariff rates, but the US president has soured on that process after repeated setbacks with major trading partners, including Japan and the European Union.

He touched on that briefly late on Friday, telling reporters: “The letters are better … much easier to send a letter.”

He did not address his prediction that some broader trade agreements could be reached before the July 9 deadline.

The shift in the White House’s strategy reflects the challenges of completing trade agreements on everything from tariffs to non-tariff barriers such as bans on agricultural imports, and especially on an accelerated timeline.

Most past trade agreements have taken years of negotiations to complete.

The only trade agreements reached to date are with Britain, which reached a deal in May to keep a 10 per cent rate and won preferential treatment for some sectors including autos and aircraft engines, and with Vietnam, cutting tariffs on many Vietnamese goods to 20 per cent from his previously threatened 46 per cent. 

Many US products would be allowed to enter Vietnam duty-free.

A deal expected with India has failed to materialise, and EU diplomats on Friday said they have failed to achieve a breakthrough in trade negotiations with the Trump administration, and may now seek to extend the status quo to avoid tariff hikes.

Increasingly US-sceptic Australians might further question their nation’s ties to the superpower as the impacts of Donald Trump’s signature bill sweep through vulnerable communities.

The US president’s One Big Beautiful Bill Act cleared Congress on Friday, Australian time, enshrining significant cuts to health programs while funding income tax breaks and adding trillions of dollars to debt.

America’s wealthiest will benefit most from the bill while almost 12 million low-income Americans would be left uninsured, according to the Congressional Budget Office, and many could see their pay drop due to safety-net cuts.

While the bill did not directly impact Australians, it would affect their perceptions of the US, according to Cory Alpert, an ex-staffer to former president Joe Biden.

“This bill is going to hurt a lot of marginalised people,” the Melbourne University researcher told AAP.

“Australians are going to look at this and see the cruelty in it, and I think it’s going to further drive this conversation about how close Australia is to the United States.

“Where do Australians belong in the global conversation: as a floating aircraft carrier in the south Pacific, or as a more independent nation? How aligned do you want to be with Trump’s America?”

While Australia has positioned itself as a key US ally, cracks have also begun to show in the relationship.

When asked recently if the US remained a reliable partner under Mr Trump’s leadership, Foreign Minister Penny Wong said Australia understood he had a “different view of how America is to be in the world”.

Australians’ trust in the United States has already dropped by 20 points since 2024, hitting a new low with just 36 per cent of the public expressing any level of trust according to an April poll published by the Lowy Institute.

In a speech to be delivered on Saturday, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese will reassert Australia’s independence in foreign policy while dismissing Trump-style isolationist policies.

“Choosing our own way doesn’t mean going it alone,” he will tell an audience in Sydney to mark the 80th anniversary of the death of former Labor prime minister John Curtin.

“Australia did not just join the institutions which created the international rules based order, we helped shape them.”

The prime minister will draw comparisons between himself and the ex-wartime leader, saying Curtin did not just look to the US but spoke for Australia.

The government has already rebuffed calls from Washington to dramatically increase its defence spending by tens of billions of dollars a year.

Many analysts believe the Labor government’s landslide election win in May was at least partly fuelled by voters’ growing discomfort with the US president at a time when some of the coalition’s talking points echoed Mr Trump’s platforms.

“(Australians) don’t want to live in a country that espouses those same types of cruelties,” Mr Alpert said.

The size of Mr Albanese’s victory meant he did not face significant pressure to shift his position towards the US president.

But Mr Alpert said he would not be surprised if the government publicly supports some aspects of Mr Trump’s latest measures, especially as it tries to negotiate an exemption from US tariffs.

“We’ve already seen examples of that in Australia where leaders are trying to come up with positions where they can go to Trump and say, ‘look, we’re supporting your position, you should give us a better deal’,” he said, pointing to Labor’s decision to support US strikes on Iran.

“That is probably the more dangerous aspect.”

Stocks have slipped despite record highs for Wall Street overnight as US President Donald Trump’s deadline for trade deals looms.

The dollar retraced some of Thursday’s gains with US markets already shut for the holiday-shortened week as traders considered the impact of the sweeping spending bill that Trump is expected to sign into law later in the day.

The pan-European STOXX 600 index fell 0.6 per cent on Friday, driven in part by losses on spirits makers such as Pernod Ricard and Remy Cointreau after China said it would impose duties of up to 34.9 per cent on brandy from the European Union starting July 5.

US S&P 500 futures edged down 0.5 per cent following a 0.8 per cent overnight advance for the cash index to a fresh record closing peak.

Wall Street is closed on Friday for the Independence Day holiday.

Trump said Washington would start sending letters to countries on Friday specifying what tariff rates they would face on exports to the United States, a clear shift from earlier pledges to strike scores of individual deals before a July 9 deadline when tariffs could rise sharply.

Investors were “now just waiting for July 9”, said Tony Sycamore, an analyst at IG, with the market’s lack of optimism for trade deals responsible for some of the equity weakness in export-reliant Asia, particularly Japan and South Korea.

At the same time, Thursday’s jobs data showed “the US economy is holding together better than most people expected, which suggests to me that markets can easily continue to do better” from here, Sycamore said.

Investors cheered the surprisingly robust jobs report on Thursday, sending all three of the main US equity indexes climbing in a shortened session.

Following the close, the House narrowly approved Trump’s signature, 869-page bill, which would add $US3.4 trillion ($A5.2 trillion) to the nation’s $US36.2 trillion debt, according to the non-partisan Congressional Budget Office.

Trump said he expected “a couple” more trade agreements after announcing a deal with Vietnam on Wednesday to add to framework agreements with China and Britain as the only successes so far.

US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said earlier this week that a deal with India was close.

However, agreements with Japan and South Korea, once touted by the White House as likely to be among the earliest to be announced, appear to have broken down.

The US dollar rallied overnight, taking it up as much as 0.7 per cent versus a basket of major peers after the robust payrolls data saw traders take any expectations for a Federal Reserve interest rate cut in July off the table.

It ended Thursday with a 0.4 per cent rise. On Friday, the US currency gave back a little of those gains, slumping 0.4 per cent to 144.31 yen and sliding 0.2 per cent to 0.7936 Swiss franc.

The euro added 0.2 per cent to $US1.1773, while sterling held steady at $US1.3662.

The US Treasury bond market is closed on Friday for the holiday, but 10-year yields rose 4.7 basis points to 4.34 per cent while the two-year yield jumped 9.3 bps to 3.882 per cent.

Gold firmed 0.4 per cent to $US3,339 per ounce, on track for a weekly gain as investors again sought refuge in safe-haven assets due to concerns over the US’s fiscal position and tariffs.

Brent crude futures fell seven cents to $US68.73 a barrel, while US West Texas Intermediate crude was last seen flat at $US67.02.

A major green hydrogen project has secured federal backing days after one of the biggest proposals to produce the clean fuel fell over. 

The Commonwealth financial support for the Hunter Valley facility will allow it to make the switch from hydrogen made with gas, a fossil fuel, to renewable energy.

Funding of $432 million for the Orica facility was allocated under the federal government’s Hydrogen Headstart program, which provides credits for the manufacture of the clean fuel.

The $2 billion grant program, delivered by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency, aims to build scale across green hydrogen production and so drive down costs over time.

Australia wants to become a global leader in green hydrogen to power heavy industry and long-haul trucks, and to produce green metals such as iron – all key to meeting global decarbonisation targets and tackling climate change.

But the fledgling sector has struggled to find its feet.

One of the biggest proposals in the nation, Gladstone’s $14 billion Central Queensland Hydrogen Project (CQ-H2), was officially scrapped this week after the state government withdrew its support.

Federal Energy Minister Chris Bowen acknowledged the headwinds faced by the renewable hydrogen industry but said his government was rising to the challenge.

“It’s in the hard basket, not the too hard basket,” he told reporters on Friday.

The failed Gladstone project was a disappointment, Mr Bowen said, pointing a finger at the Queensland government rather than private sector investors. 

Queensland Treasurer David Janetzki has described the Gladstone project as “speculative in nature” and said he “didn’t want to see the precious taxpayer dollar tipped into it”.

The federal incentives for the Hunter Valley project will go towards a 50 MW electrolyser powered by renewable energy on the Kooragang Island site, capable of producing about 4700 tonnes of green hydrogen each year to support regional jobs in low-carbon industries.

Hydrogen is used to make ammonia, important in fertiliser production, so the shift to a clean fuel will allow Orica to cut emissions from its ammonia facilities.

It will also open the region to opportunities to export clean hydrogen and ammonia.

Clean Energy Council general manager of advocacy and investment Anna Freeman applauded the government’s commitment to getting “complex and challenging” renewable hydrogen projects off the ground.

“We urgently need to drive down the cost of this renewable fuel to support Australia’s decarbonisation plans,” Ms Freeman said.

Millions of customers could already have been targeted by scammers in the two days it took Qantas to share details of a major cyber attack, an expert has warned.

And there might be further attempts by malicious actors to hit Australia’s biggest airline now that a vulnerability has been exposed.

The airline announced on Wednesday that a third-party system used by an offshore call centre had been attacked two days earlier.

The hack potentially compromised the names, dates of birth, email addresses and frequent flyer numbers of six million customers, although their financial information remained secure, Qantas said.

But a cybersecurity expert said the 48-hour delay in telling customers there had been an attack might have left millions vulnerable to scam attempts.

“That second round can be a lot more powerful than the first breach and then there is the risk of customers not knowing to be alert to any emails or phone calls from Qantas as suspicious,” La Trobe University’s Daswin De Silva told AAP.

“These emails can be sent very quickly … phishing or other impersonation attacks could have happened in those 48 hours.”

Qantas representatives should come forward and explain why there was a 48-hour delay in notifying customers of the scam risk, Professor De Silva added.

He speculated the delay was likely due to Qantas figuring out whether other systems had been compromised and deploying security measures to dispel the cyber criminals.

Qantas confirmed that scammers were already impersonating the airline in the wake of the attack and told customers to be vigilant.

The airline has been contacted for comment about the notification delay.

The company on Friday provided an update confirming that credit card details, personal financial information, passport details and Qantas Frequent Flyer accounts were not exposed.

However, customers will have to wait several days longer for an individual update on which personal details were compromised due to the hack.

“I want to apologise again for the uncertainty this has caused,” chief executive Vanessa Hudson said.

“We’re committed to keeping our affected customers informed with regular updates as our investigation progresses.”

Qantas, which has been working with government authorities to investigate the incident, said there has been no further threat to its systems and additional security measures have been put in place.

Australian Federal Police confirmed they were investigating and the airline had been “highly engaged” with authorities. 

Qantas has remained tight-lipped about who it believes is behind the attack and no cyber criminal groups have taken responsibility.

But Prof De Silva said this could be an ominous sign of more cyber strikes to come for the airline now that criminals have found a vulnerability.

“Once you figure out a weak spot, they try to exploit it to the maximum,” he said.

Multiple cyber experts believe the group responsible is called Scattered Spider, a cabal of young cyber criminals living in the US and the UK.

The US Federal Bureau of Investigation recently warned that the group was targeting the airline sector by impersonating legitimate users to bypass multi-factor authentication and access systems.

Prof De Silva said Scattered Spider was a financially motivated group that did not obtain credit card details or other “valuable” information in the attack.

“They might be planning further attacks that gets them to their objective because obviously they want to see their effort fulfilled,” he said.

Qantas has added security measures for its frequent flyer accounts, including requiring extra identification for any changes.

Since the attack was revealed, Qantas has received more than 5000 customer inquiries.

Legal experts suggest the incident could lead to a class action against Qantas after compensation claims were made against Optus and Medibank following major breaches in 2022.

The prime minister has trimmed expectations Australia’s goods and services tax could be raised as part of a suite of changes that includes lower income taxes.

While he did not want to rule any policy changes in or out of the government’s economic reform agenda, Anthony Albanese was far from supportive of increasing consumption taxes in comments to a News Corp event on Friday.

Some economists have called for the GST to be lifted from 10 to 15 per cent and the base broadened to include items like private health insurance and fresh food to provide revenue in order for other levies like income tax to be lowered.

But that would mean making the tax system more regressive, resulting in lower earners contributing more as a share of their incomes.

“I’m a supporter of progressive taxation,” Mr Albanese said, in the clearest indication yet that GST won’t be increased after an economic reform roundtable in August.

“Consumption taxes, by definition, are regressive in their nature. So that’s something that, you know, doesn’t fit with the agenda.”

Outside of tax changes, Mr Albanese promised to get out of businesses’ way to help the private sector resume its “rightful place” as the primary driver of Australia’s economic growth.

Unlike in his government’s first three years in power, when fighting inflation and easing cost-of-living pressures took up much of the government’s bandwidth, boosting productivity has been identified as Labor’s main concern this term.

“In a strong, dynamic and ­productive economy, government should be a driver of growth, but not the driver of growth; facilitating private sector investment and job creation, not seeking to replace it,” Mr Albanese said.

While tax reform would form an important part of the conversation, he acknowledged the need to cut red tape to make it easier for businesses to create jobs.

But any businesses hoping for a relaxation of industrial relations protections will be disappointed.

Despite boasting higher wages than other countries in the region, Australia could recapture its manufacturing edge without cutting labour costs, the prime minister insisted.

But the nation must make the most of new technologies and capitalise on its ability to locate industrial facilities alongside renewable energy resources.

“In the years ahead, comparative advantage in manufacturing will not be defined by minimising the cost of labour,” Mr Albanese said.

“It will be secured by the most productive use of technology, by cutting transport costs and by cheaper, cleaner energy.”

Mr Albanese’s message was met with cautious support from the opposition.

Coalition frontbencher Bridget McKenzie said the government had spent its first term “smashing” small business through industrial relations policies and regulations and needed to use its landslide election win to help the country become more prosperous.

“Use the huge mandate that the Australian people have given you to set our country up for the future, and we will back you the whole way,” she told Sky News on Friday.

“If Labor wants us to be more productive, wants the private sector to grow and prosper, then it needs to look at removing red tape and make tough decisions that their traditional supporters might not like.”

Most Asian equity markets struggled on Friday, despite record highs for Wall Street overnight, as US President Donald Trump’s deadline for trade deals loomed next week.

The dollar retraced some of Thursday’s gains with US markets already shut for the week, as traders considered the impact of the sweeping spending bill Trump is about to sign into law.

Japan’s Nikkei rose 0.3 per cent after flipping between gains and losses in early trading.

Hong Kong’s Hang Seng slumped 1.3 per cent, while mainland Chinese blue chips edged slightly lower.

Taiwan’s equity benchmark shed early gains to decline 0.2 per cent. South Korea’s KOSPI sank more than 1.0 per cent.

US S&P 500 futures edged down 0.2 per cent, following a 0.8 per cent overnight advance for the cash index to a fresh all-time closing peak. Wall Street is closed Friday for Independence Day.

Investors cheered a surprisingly robust jobs report on Thursday in sending all three of the main US equity indexes climbing in a shortened session.

Following the close, the House narrowly approved Trump’s signature, 869-page bill, which would add $US3.4 trillion ($A5.2 trillion) to the nation’s $US36.2 trillion ($A55.1 trillion) debt, according to the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.

Trump also said he would start sending out letters to trade partners with their tariff rates, as deals remained elusive ahead of the July 9 deadline.

The US president said he expected “a couple” more agreements after announcing a deal with Vietnam on Wednesday to add to framework agreements with China and Britain as the only successes so far.

US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said earlier this week that a deal with India is close. However agreements with Japan and South Korea, once touted by the White House as likely to be among the earliest to be announced, appear to have broken down.

“It is now just waiting for July 9,” said Tony Sycamore, an analyst at IG, with the market’s lack of optimism for deals responsible for some of the equity weakness around the region, particularly Japan and South Korea.

At the same time, Thursday’s jobs data shows “the US economy is holding together better than most people expected, which suggests to me that markets can easily continue to do better” from here, Sycamore said.

The jobs data saw traders take any expectations for a Federal Reserve interest rate cut this month off the table.

The US dollar rallied, taking it up as much as 0.7 per cent versus a basket of major peers on Thursday before it pared its advance to end the session with a 0.4 per cent rise.

Early on Friday, the US currency gave back a little of those gains, slipping 0.2 per cent to 144.62 yen and edging down 0.1 per cent to 0.7942 Swiss franc.

The euro added 0.1 per cent to $US1.1766 ($A1.7911), while sterling traded flat at $US1.3650 ($A2.0779).

The US Treasury bond market is closed Friday for the holiday, but 10-year yields rose 4.7 basis points (bps) to 4.34 per cent while the two-year yield jumped 9.3 bps to 3.882 per cent.

Gold inched up 0.1 per cent to $US3,329.54 ($A5,068.55) per ounce.

Brent crude futures rose 1 cent to $US68.81 ($A104.75) a barrel, while US West Texas Intermediate crude firmed 3 cents to $US67.03 ($A102.04).

A major airline will soon be able to tell the six million customers whose data was stolen by cyber criminals exactly what type of personal information was harvested.

In an update on Friday, Qantas also said the group believed responsible for the incident remained unclear and that it had not received a ransom request.

The hack, revealed earlier this week, occurred on a third-party system used by a call centre working for Qantas.

Sensitive data such as credit card details, personal financial information, passport details and Qantas Frequent Flyer accounts were not exposed.

But millions of customers did have names, dates of birth, and email addresses stolen.

Qantas will next week will contact customers individually to tell them exactly what type of personal data was “contained in the system”, or compromised.

“I want to apologise again for the uncertainty this has caused,” chief executive Vanessa Hudson said in a statement.

“We’re committed to keeping our affected customers informed with regular updates as our investigation progresses.”

Qantas, which continues to work with the government authorities to investigate the incident, reaffirmed that there has been no further threat in the system and that it remains secure.

Multiple cyber experts believe the group responsible for the attack is called Scattered Spider, a cabal of young cyber criminals living in the US and the UK.

The US Federal Bureau of Investigation recently warned that the group was targeting the airline sector by impersonating legitimate users to bypass multi-factor authentication and access systems.

Airlines such as America’s Hawaiian Airlines and Westjet have faced cyber attacks in the past fortnight.

Qantas has rolled out additional security measures to counteract any more potential threats and increase detection.

These include more security measures for frequent flyer accounts by introducing “additional identification” for account changes.

“We are treating this incredibly seriously and have implemented additional security measures to further strengthen our systems,” Ms Hudson said.

“Our customers can be assured that we have the right expertise and resources dedicated to resolving this matter thoroughly and effectively.”

Qantas also warned scammers are already impersonating the airline in the wake of the attack and told customers to be vigilant.

The airline will never contact customers requesting passwords, booking reference details or sensitive login information.

“If customers do receive any suspicious emails, text messages or calls from someone purporting to be Qantas you can report this via our dedicated support line, Scamwatch, or contact local authorities,” it said.

In the wake of the hack, Qantas has received more than 5000 customer enquiries.

Meanwhile, legal experts suggest the incident could lead to a class action against Qantas, after compensation claims were made against Optus and Medibank after major breaches in 2022.

Qantas customer support line: 1800 971 541 or +61 2 8028 0534

Australia hopes to bring America’s brightest minds Down Under as Donald Trump’s research cuts spark a US brain drain.

The US president has taken a chainsaw to science funding, slashing thousands of government grants and transforming the global state of research.

Former Labor leader Bill Shorten, now vice-chancellor of the University of Canberra, said efforts by the Australian Academy of Science to attract American talent was good national co-ordination.

“I’m very pro-American, but if their current government doesn’t want some of their best to brightest minds, why should we let them go to Europe or Asia?” he told AAP.

“We haven’t invented this challenging environment for American higher education … but that doesn’t mean that we should sit back and watch the French, the Germans, the Asian nations, recruit these clever people without at least Australia saying ‘we’re here too’.”

The academy has designed a relocation package which includes research funding, access to facilities, family relocation support and visa acceleration in a bid to recruit leading US scientists and Australians returning home.

About 70 people have already indicated interest.

Some were directly impacted by the Trump administration’s budget cuts and lost either their positions or support for their areas of research.

Though there have been cuts across a range of disciplines, some of the more significant slashes have been applied to areas such as virology and immunology, alongside cuts to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration which enables researchers to forecast weather and model climate change.

Other interested researchers have seen the havoc wreaked on American academia and become “disillusioned or despairing” of their ability to pursue their interests in the US, Australian Academy of Science chief executive Anna-Maria Arabia said.

By comparison, Australia’s research landscape is more stable and less politically driven.

“Whilst it’s a volatile situation and quite an unfortunate one that we are experiencing, there is a tremendous opportunity for Australia,” she told AAP.

By bringing more to Australia, they can contribute to research and development which can eventually open up new economic sectors, new trade potential and a plethora of other benefits, Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering chief executive Kylie Walker said.

“You’re looking at a decade or more to show benefits from that investment, but when they come – my goodness – they come,” she told AAP.

Australia isn’t the only nation hoping to capitalise on Mr Trump’s attack on academia.

His cuts have ignited a “global race” for science and technology talent, and Australia’s universities, research organisations and agencies such as the CSIRO are all trying to attract them.

Almost half of the academy’s fellows, which are Australia’s most distinguished scientists, were born overseas and many had a multiplier effect when they arrived in Australia as they trained the next generation and helped seed industries.

“This is the Australian story, this is what science is in Australia,” Ms Arabia said.

“It’s multicultural, it’s of the highest standard, it’s undertaken in a supportive environment and in a democratic environment where we nurture science and our scientists.”

Airlines are being warned to tighten security after a hack affecting millions of Qantas customers leaves the aviation giant exposed to possible legal action.

The cyber attack targeted a third-party platform used by one of the airline’s call centres, exposing the personal details of up to six million customers.

Names, phone numbers, dates of birth and email addresses are among the data believed to be leaked.

Legal experts have suggested the incident could lead to a class action in a repeat of compensation claims lodged following major breaches at Optus and Medibank in 2022.

The hack of sensitive customer details at the health insurer could end up costing it $700 million or more, analysts have said.

The primary wrongdoing was clearly with the hackers, but Qantas could still face secondary liability if it was found to have breached its duties, Monash University associate law professor Michael Duffy said.

“Based on previous class actions that have been taken for data breaches, there is certainly a possibility of action being taken against Qantas,” he told AAP.

“This issue of data and privacy breaches is not going to go away.”

The exposure of customers’ dates of birth was particularly sensitive, Assoc Prof Duffy said.

“While exposure of names and email addresses are a concern, any exposure of dates of birth is more serious because of the potential of wrongdoers to try and use them for nefarious purposes,” he said.

Qantas has reassured customers their financial information, passport numbers, credit card details and frequent flyer PINs were not accessed.

It is not the first time an airline has faced a cyber attack, with America’s Hawaiian Airlines and WestJet compromised in recent weeks.

Cybersecurity experts warn this might be a sign the aviation industry is being targeted.

“Airlines hold all kinds of sensitive information and cybercriminals are looking to take it,” NordVPN chief technology officer Marijus Briedis said.

“The industry needs to implement proactive, multi-layered security approaches that assume breaches will happen and focus on minimising their impact.”

There is speculation the hackers responsible for the airline attacks is Scattered Spider, a group of young cyber criminals living in the US and the UK.

Security experts are concerned about the risk of follow-on scams targeting affected customers.

Macquarie University’s Dali Kaafar said the release of private details could lead to malicious actors building a more complete profile about individuals, making them more susceptible to other forms of cyber crime.

He warned Qantas customers to change their passwords and access codes to prevent potential hacks.

That was because many people used their date of birth as a PIN, but the information had now been compromised, Professor Kaafar said.

Qantas is investigating the cyber attack and its impacts, urging customers to be on high alert for future scam attempts.

Chief executive Vanessa Hudson confirmed the company was working closely with the National Cyber Security Coordinator, the Australian Cyber Security Centre and independent specialised cyber security experts.

A customer support line was established to provide customers with the latest information.

Qantas shares were slightly up on Thursday after initially shedding 3.6 per cent following news of the hack.