Stoked by the wars in Gaza and Ukraine, the revenues of the 100 largest arms makers grew to a record $US679 billion ($A1 trillion) last year.
The 5.9 per cent increase in revenue from sales of arms and military services in 2024 was also due to countries boosting their military spending.
The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) report released on Monday said the $A1 trillion revenue was the highest figure it has recorded.
The bulk of the increase was down to companies based in Europe and the United States, but there were increases around the world – except in Asia and Oceania, where problems in the Chinese arms industry led to a slight fall.
Thirty of the 39 US companies in the top 100 – including Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and General Dynamics – posted increases.
Their combined revenue was up 3.8 per cent at $US334 billion ($A512 billion).
But SIPRI noted that “widespread delays and budget overruns continue to plague development and production” in major US-led programs, including the F-35 fighter jet.
Twenty-three of the 26 companies in Europe, excluding Russia, saw their arms revenue increase as the continent boosted spending.
Their aggregate income rose by 13 per cent to $US151 billion ($A232 billion), fuelled by demand linked to the war in Ukraine and the perceived threat from Russia.
There were notably big gains for the Czech Republic’s Czechoslovak Group, whose revenue soared by 193 per cent thanks in part to a government-led project to source artillery shells for Ukraine; and for Ukraine’s JSC Ukrainian Defense Industry, which had a 41 per cent gain.
European firms are investing in new production capacity to meet greater demand, but SIPRI researcher Jade Guiberteau Ricard cautioned in a statement that “sourcing materials could pose a growing challenge”, with restructuring of supply chains for critical minerals a potential complication in light of Chinese export restrictions.
The two Russian companies in SIPRI’s list, Rostec and United Shipbuilding Corporation, saw arms revenues rise 23 per cent to a combined $US31.2 billion ($A47.9 billion), despite sanctions leading to a shortage of components.
SIPRI said domestic demand was more than enough to offset falling arms exports, though a skilled labour shortage is a challenge.
Arms revenue also grew in the Middle East, and the three Israeli companies in the ranking had a 16 per cent increase to $US16.2 billion ($A24.9 billion).
In 2024, the backlash over Israeli actions in Gaza “seems to have had little impact on interest in Israeli weapons,’ SIPRI researcher Zubaida Karim said, and many countries continued to place new orders.
A 1.2 per cent drop in revenue in Asia and Oceania to $US130 billion ($A199 billion) was led by a 10 per cent drop in the income of the eight Chinese companies in the index.
That came as multiple corruption allegations in Chinese arms procurement led to major contracts being delayed or cancelled last year, SIPRI said.
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